How to Refinance Student Loans in 9 Steps

In an ideal scenario, refinancing your student loans can help you secure a lower interest rate, reduce your monthly loan payments or both.

However, refinancing isn’t a smart move — nor is it always possible — for every student loan borrower. And there are several downsides to refinancing federal student loans that you should be aware of.

Still, if you refinance your student debt under the right conditions, it could save you thousands of dollars over the life of your loan. With the student loan forbearance officially over — with interest accruing since September and monthly payments restarting in October — many borrowers may again be considering student loan refinance.

Keep reading to learn whether refinancing is the right move. And if so, let our step-by-step guide walk you through the process.

Table of contents:

• Decide if refinancing is the right decision
• Check your credit score
• Compare rates among lenders
• Ensure that you have all the necessary documents
• Apply to multiple lenders at the same time
• Consider using a co-signer
• Read the terms of the loan carefully
• Fill out the paperwork
• Keep making payments until the loan payoff is complete
• Student loan refinance FAQs
• Student loan refinance summary
• Latest news on student loan refinancing

How to Refinance Your Student Loan

Here’s a closer look at who can benefit the most from student loan refinance and exactly what is required to refinance your student loans.

1. Decide if refinancing is the right decision

Student loan refinancing can certainly help some borrowers, but the benefits of refinancing are sometimes overstated.

Your personal situation is what matters most. Here are some general scenarios where refinancing makes sense:

• Your personal finances have improved since you took out your current loan(s). If your credit score, job situation or debt-to-income ratio is much better than when you first took out the loan, it may make sense to refinance. This also applies to the financial situation of your co-signer, if you have one.

• You have private student loans. Only private lenders will refinance your student loans. Private lenders tend to have less generous terms than federal student loans, but if you already have private loans, there’s far less risk in refinancing.

• The new loan fits your needs. Ideally, your new loan will have a lower rate and/or a lower monthly payment with a repayment period that fits your needs. By refinancing with a new lender, it’s also possible to get a new loan servicer, which is the company you will have to deal with to make your loan payments.

• You’re OK with giving up federal borrower protections and programs. When you refinance a federal student loan, it becomes a private loan and you lose all eligibility for federal forbearance, loan forgiveness, income-based repayment and financial-hardship programs. Once you refinance, there’s no going back.

Also weigh these pros and cons before you refi your student loans.

Thinking about your long-term goals with refinancing will prepare you to better evaluate different lenders’ loan repayment options. Are you trying to pay off your student loan debt as quickly as possible or reduce your monthly payments? Or is student loan consolidation (i.e. lumping all your private and/or federal loans into one monthly payment) your primary goal?

Once you have your goal, you can think more about the terms to look for.

2. Check your credit score

Just because you’ve decided refinancing makes sense for the type of student loans you have doesn’t mean you’ll actually get the better loan terms you want. That will ultimately depend on your credit history and score.

Most lenders have fairly strict requirements for whom they’ll let into their club. For starters, you’ll generally need a credit score between 650 to 680 — but that’s only to meet basic eligibility requirements.

PRO TIP: To receive the best student loan refinance rates, you (or your co-signer) should have a good credit score — about 750 or above.

To make sure you’re in that ballpark, check your credit score before you start applying anywhere. And to avoid any surprises when you're finalizing the terms of your new loan, try to get your FICO score, which is essentially a brand-name version of your credit score. Many lenders look at your FICO score — or they set outright FICO score requirements — when determining their loan rates.

If you get your credit score from a bank, credit-card provider or personal finance app, the score you see might not always be your FICO score. If not, you can purchase the most accurate and up-to-date versions of your FICO score directly from FICO at myFICO.com. Alternatively, you can access a version of your FICO score for free from the credit bureau Experian.

If your score comes back lower than you anticipated, then your next step should be pulling your credit report to find out what’s affecting your score. Or you can find a co-signer (more on that below).

3. Compare rates among lenders

To get a big-picture view of the various APRs you may qualify for, you can use lender marketplaces like Credible to see offers from several larger lenders at once, whereas companies like Splash Financial and LendKey can connect you with refinance offers from smaller banks and credit unions.

Unfortunately, there’s no one website where you can search all the major refinance companies simultaneously, so you may have to visit multiple marketplaces.

In most cases, you can provide some basic information — such as your credit-score range, income and/or your current loan amount — to get a pre-qualified rate offer. Browsing around and receiving pre-qualified rates won’t affect your credit. At this point, the companies are doing a “soft” credit check that doesn’t affect your score.

Keep in mind that the lowest interest rate advertised by the company might be a variable interest rate or variable APR. Variable-rate loans start with a low APR, but they can change frequently over the life of the loan and will rise as benchmark interest rates rise (as they have been lately).

In most cases, you’ll want to go with a fixed interest rate. It will likely be higher than the starting variable rate, but the APR on a fixed-rate loan will never change once you’ve taken it out.

Now is also a good time to weigh the different lenders to ensure you’re getting not only the lowest rates, but also the terms and repayment benefits that best fit your needs.

For example, some lenders allow borrowers to transfer federal Parent PLUS loans into the student’s name, while others offer unique repayment terms or other benefits, like career coaching, to their borrowers.

4. Ensure that you have all the necessary documents

The documents and information you need to apply for student loan refinancing can vary by lender. Here are ones that are commonly required:

• Government-issued ID
• Proof of employment or consistent income, which may include W-2s, 1099s or your recent pay stubs
• Proof that you're a permanent resident or U.S. citizen, such as a Social Security number
• Proof of graduation
• Student loan statements
• Student loan balance

If you have a co-signer, similar information will be required of them, sans proof of graduation and student-loan statements.

For the exact document list, check with the lender you intend to apply with.

5. Apply to multiple lenders

The pre-qualified rates you get from sites like Credible or LendKey may not be the official terms of your refinanced loan.

Once you’ve chosen your top lenders, you’ll have to submit a full loan application to determine your new, official terms.

Lenders have slightly different underwriting rules, and it’s not uncommon for borrowers to be rejected by one lender and accepted by another. Applying to multiple lenders at the same time can increase your chances of being approved and also help you lock down the best rate. This is called “rate shopping.”

When you do this, the lenders are now making “hard inquiries'' on your credit as opposed to the “soft” ones from the pre-qualification stage.

Hard inquiries can ding your credit score in some cases. However, FICO says that multiple hard inquiries around the same time (between 15 and 45 days, depending on the different version of your FICO score) are treated as one hard inquiry. This allows you to shop without dinging your credit several times during the application process.

Once you send your applications out, it may take a few business days to get a decision from the refinance company.

6. Consider using a co-signer

Not seeing terms or interest rates that you like? You could ask for a raise so that your debt-to-income ratio improves, or you could work on increasing your credit score. Both are solid long-term solutions.

A quicker option would be to find a creditworthy co-signer.

In many cases, and especially when it comes to student loans, the co-signer is a parent. Friends, guardians and other relatives are OK too, though. But it can only be one other person, so the person with the best credit score and highest income would likely be the best choice here.

Bear in mind that asking someone to co-sign on your loan means you’re tying them to your financial outcomes with this specific debt. Also note that lenders aren’t required to grant you a co-signer release, which means your co-signer might be stuck on your loan until either the loan is paid off or you decide to refinance again without the co-signer.

If you decide having a co-signer makes the most sense, you’ll likely need to repeat steps No. 2 and No. 5 above. In other words, you’ll want to double check the co-signer’s FICO score and re-apply to the top lenders, now including the co-signer’s proof of income, debts and other applicable information.

7. Read the terms of the loan carefully

Before moving forward, make sure you understand the lender’s policy on forbearance or deferment periods — for example, if you lose your job, what kind of protections do you have? You should also look for information on the co-signer release policy, if there is one.

And always confirm that there are no origination fees or prepayment penalties. (These are both uncommon for student loans. None of the major lenders have them, but it never hurts to double check.)

8. Fill out the paperwork

Once you’ve been approved, what’s left is mostly paperwork. And luckily, you can complete this process entirely online with most lenders.

Again, always review the documents you receive carefully and check the fine print before signing anything. Confirm the loan terms you were approved for match the ones you applied for. For instance, make sure the APR of your loan is the fixed or variable rate you wanted. If all looks good, sign and return the requested documents to your new lender.

After you do this, you can expect one final item: the Notice of Right to Rescind.

Thanks to the Truth in Lending Act (TILA), you will have an additional buffer of time to cancel the loan if you want to, even after you’ve signed the dotted line.

By law, the lender is supposed to send you a separate and clearly titled Notice of Right to Rescind. This right gives you three business days to back out, and the clock starts ticking once you’ve received the notice — not once you’ve signed the loan agreements.

9. Keep making on-time payments until the loan payoff is complete

When you refinance a loan, your new lender must then pay off your old lender. It may take a little while for that process to finalize. In the meantime, be prepared to continue making your payments until you’ve received notice from your new lender that the debt transfer is complete so that you don’t accidentally get hit with any late fees or other penalties.

Once the process is complete, remember to set up autopay with the new lender — this can chip a little more off your new interest rate (usually a 0.25% rate discount).

Latest news on student loan refinancing

After a year and a half of the Federal Reserve steadily increasing benchmark interest rates, the rates available in the student loan refinance market aren’t as attractive as they were during the pandemic.

However, with the student loan moratorium coming to an end, some federal loan borrowers may soon start looking into refinancing their loans anyway (because some of the biggest perks of holding federal loans are ending).

After the Supreme Court struck down President Joe Biden’s marquee student loan forgiveness plan, his administration announced a variety of measures aimed at helping struggling federal student loan borrowers in other ways, including broadly reforming income-driven repayments plans and introducing a 12-month “on ramp” period to allow borrowers to ease back into student loan repayment. Meanwhile, Biden vowed he would try to cancel student loan debt using a different legal pathway — though the timeline for potential forgiveness through this different method is unclear.

These initiatives are prime examples of some the perks of holding federal student loans. Borrowers who are considering refinancing their federal loans into private ones should follow updates on these federal benefits closely before deciding.

Summary of Money’s guide to refinance student loans

• First, determine if refinancing your student loans is a good financial move. It’s not right for everyone, especially those with federal loans with moderate or low interest rates.
• Next, you’ll want to check your credit before shopping around. Generally, you’ll need a score of at least 650, but oftentimes much higher to get a lender’s lowest rate.
• If you don’t have the credit score needed to get the loan terms you want, consider using a co-signer who has a higher credit score.
• Apply to several of the top lenders you come across. It can increase your chances of getting approved and help you lock in the lowest rate available to you.
• From there, a bit of paperwork is all that’s separating you from a new loan with better terms. Even after you sign, continue to make your student loan payments with your old lender until you’re notified that the debt transfer is complete.

More from Money:

The Best Colleges in America

How to Get Student Loan Forgiveness

How Refinancing Student Loans Saves Money